Gene mutation and expression of SH-3BP-2 in cherubism / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the mutation and expression of SH-3BP-2 in Chinese patients of cherubism and to investigate the possible relationship of gene mutation and multinucleated giant cells in lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genomic DNA was extracted from paraffin-imbedded tissues and peripheral blood samples of 10 cases of cherubism (6 familial cherubism and 4 sporadic cherubism). SH-3BP-2 mutations were detected by PCR-direct sequencing. The nature of multinucleated giant cells in lesions was detected by enzyme histochemical staining and immunohistochemical staining using paraffin-imbedded tissues sections. The SH-3BP-2 protein was detected by immunohistochemical staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three missense mutations (G1520A, G1505A, G1505C) in exon 9 of SH-3BP-2 were identified which led to 3 transitions (Gly420Glu, Arg415Gln, Arg415Pro). There were no abnormalities in exon 3 of SH-3BP-2 except 1 case which had not PCR products. The protein SH-3BP-2, the calcitonin receptor and the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were detected in the cytoplasm of all multinucleated giant cells and parts of monokaryon matrix cells in 8 paraffin-imbedded samples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The SH-3BP-2 mutation may participate in the differentiation and maturation of osteoclast-like cells in the lesion of cherubism.</p>

In vitro study of the effects of copper ion on osteoclastic resorption in various dental mineralized tissues / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of copper ion on osteoclastic resorption in various dental mineralized tissues.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Osteoclasts were separated from long-limb bones of neonatal rabbits, and cultured with de-activated human tooth slices and glass slices. The cells in the experiment group were treated with (1 x 10(-14))-1 x (10(-4)) mol/L copper + 10% (volume fraction) fetal calf serum (FCS) + alpha-MEM, while the cells in control group cells were grown in 10% FCS + alpha-MEM. Osteoclasts on glass slices were stained by TRAP staining. The absorption pits on tooth slices were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope. The resorbing activity was evaluated with the concentration of calcium in the supernatant liquid of osteoclasts. The ratio between the concentration of calcium in the experiment group and control group was termed as the resorption index.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The isolated cells were multinuclear and TRAP positive in cytoplasma. Osteoclasts resorbed teeth slices first on the cementum and dentin. Compared with those on bone slices, the lacunae on the dental slices numbered less, with smaller volume and shallower in depth. Microscopy showed that the number and area of absorption pits formed on treated tissues were less than those on control tissues. The content of calcium in the supernatant liquid decreased in the concentrations of 1 x 10(-14) mol/L - 1 x 10(-4) mol/L copper, especially in the group of 1 x 10(-10) mol/L copper at 3rd day (P < 0.05) and 1 x 10(-4) mol/L, 1 x 10(-10) - 1 x 10(-12) mol/L copper at 7th day (P < 0.05). Their resorption index was lower than one.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Extracellular copper ion can inhibit osteoclastic resorption on dental slices.</p>

Mutation detection in SH3BP2 gene in a cherubism family / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect SH3BP2 gene mutation in a cherubism family.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Peripheral blood samples were obtained from the family of cherubism. Genomic DNA was extracted. Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing were performed to identify the mutation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A transition in exon 9 in SH3BP2 gene was detected in the family, which led to a missense mutation (Arg 415 Pro).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Missense mutation in the SH3BP2 gene was responsible for the phenotypes of this Chinese cherubism family.</p>

Expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase 8 and 12, and CD68 protein in giant cell lesions of jaw and giant cell tumors of long bone / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 8 and 12 and CD68 protein in giant cell lesions of jaw and giant cell tumors of long bone, and to study their effects on the histogenesis of giant cells in such lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MIP-1alpha, ADAM8, ADAM12 and CD68 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 24 paraffin-embedded specimens of central giant cell lesions of jaw and giant cell tumors respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MIP-1alpha positive signal was located in blood vessels and bone. ADAM8, ADAM12 and CD68 positive signals were located in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of all multinucleated giant cells and some round mononuclear cells in the lesions. In addition, some spindle mononuclear stromal cells were positive for ADAM12 in both lesions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Multinucleated giant cells probably originate from CD68-postive round mononuclear cells, which are recruited from monocyte-macrophage system by chemokines, such as MIP-1alpha, followed by cell fusion mediated by ADAM8 and ADAM12.</p>

Central giant cell lesions of the jaws: a clinicopathological study of 31 cases / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws and the relationship between the pathologic features and its clinical behavior.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Histologic, radiographic and follow-up information for 31 cases of central giant cell granuloma were reviewed. The histopathologic patterns were analyzed between nonrecurrent and recurrent cases for which the following-up information was available.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The majority of the giant cell granuloma of the jaws occurred in patients under 30 with a predilection of females and mostly were involved in the mandible. The radiographic features of CGCG non-specific. The multinucleated giant cell scattered unevenly, the numbers of the nuclei were few and mostly 10-19. The marked fibrosis, the multiple area of hemorrhage, abundant hemosiderin and newly formed bone were always present in the lesions. No significant difference exited between the recurrence and nonrecurrence groups in the pathologic features. The patients with aggressive behavior showed more consistent with the recurrence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CGCG was a non-neoplastic lesion of the jaws which was different from the giant cell tumor. It was difficult to distinguish between the CGCG and giant cell tumor (GCT), and to predict its clinical behavior only by the histopathological patterns. It was helpful to combine the clinical presentation of CGCG with its treatment.</p>

Effect of genistein on the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of the osteoblasts / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of genistein on the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of the osteoblasts in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The primary osteoblasts (OBs) were obtained from the rat calvaria and the cell line of osteosarcoma-UMR-106 served as control. The cells in the experiment group were grown in 10% (volume fraction) fetal calf serum (FCS) + alphaMEM + various concentrations of genistein. The control groups were grown in 10% FCS + alphaMEM. The growth of OBs was assessed by flow cytometry and MTT method. The differentiation of OBs was examined by the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Flow cytometry analysis and MTT showed that genistein could prompt primary OB from stage G(0) (G(1)) to stage S, G(2) or M. By contrast, genistein had no effect on the cell cycle of UMR-106, but could induce its apoptosis. Additionally, the results of ALP activity showed that genistein stimulated the differentiation of primary OB.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Genistein can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of the primary osteoblasts in some degree, and induce the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells.</p>

Expression of receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand and osteoprotegerin protein in the giant cell lesions of jaw / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression of RANKL and OPG protein in the giant cell lesions of jaw and to study the mechanism of this lesion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>RANKL and OPG were detected by immunohistochemistry (SP) in 24 paraffin-embedded and 2 frozen specimens of central giant cell lesion of jaw.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>RANKL signals were strongly positive in the vascular epithelial cells. They also could be found in fibrous stroma, bone matrix, and stromal spindle cells, even in some cytomembrane of multinucleated giant cells. OPG was detected in multinucleated giant cells and a fraction of round mononuclear cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Active vascular epithelial cells are contributed to the formation of multinucleated giant cells through regulating RANKL, and RANKL could play its role by paracrine and autocrine, which might be inhibited by OPG.</p>

Expression of a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase protein 8 and 12 in the giant cell lesions of jaw / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression of a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 8 and 12 gene in the giant cell lesions of jaw and to study their effects on the histogenesis of cells in these lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ADAM8 and ADAM12 was detected by immunohistochemistry (SP) in 40 paraffin-embedded specimens of central giant cell lesions of jaw, 10 peripheral giant cell lesions, 9 cherubisms, 6 aneurysmal bone cysts.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ADAM8 and ADAM12 were positive in the cytomembrane and cytoplasm of all multinucleated giant cells and some round mononuclear cells of the lesions; ADAM12 was positive for some spindle mononuclear stromal cells in central and peripheral giant cell lesions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Multinucleated giant cells probably originated from the fusion of the round mononuclear cells, and ADAM8 and ADAM12 were involved in this process. In addition, ADAM12 might play a role in the maturation of spindle mononuclear stromal cells.</p>

Immunohistochemical study of benign lymphoadenosis of oral mucosa / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of Ki-67 and the changes of MVD and apoptosis in benign lymphoadenosis of oral mucosa (BLOM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of Ki-67, CD34 and apoptosis were evaluated by SP immunohistochemical staining in 15 BLOM, 9 BLOM with dysplasia, 15 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of Ki-67 in BOLM with dysplasia and OSCC was significantly higher than that of BLOM without dysplasia and normal oral mucosa (P < 0.05). The MVD in all BLOM and OSCC was significantly higher than that in normal mucosa (P < 0.05). Apoptosis in BLOM was higher than in normal mucosa and OSCC (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of Ki-67 and MVD in BLOM with dysplasia were between normal oral mucosa and oral carcinoma. The occurrence of apoptosis in BLOM was significantly higher than in normal oral mucosa. The results suggest that BLOM had the potentiality of malignant transformation.</p>

Clinicopathologic study of a family cherubism / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathologic features of familial cherubism and its differentiation from other giant cell lesions in jaws and the results of surgical treatments with a long-term follow-up.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four cases of familial cherubism were reviewed and their clinical and radiographic features, histopathologic appearance, biochemical markers and surgical treatments analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Clinically, cherubism was characterized by bilateral painless swelling of jaws, mandibular deformity was common. Radiographs showed multilocular radiolucencies with sclerotic thickening border. Histopathologically, numerous randomly distributed multinucleated giant cells and vascular spaces within a fibrous connective tissue stroma with or without eosinophilic collagen perivascular cuffing were shown. The lesion regressed without treatment in 1 cases. Curettage was performed in 3 cases with good results.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cherubism can be diagnosed according to its typical clinical and radiographical features with a positive family history. It might regress without treatment. But surgery intervention is suggested to improve physiological function and to solve the psychologic problem of the patients.</p>

Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst: a clinicopathological and immunocytochemical study / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathological features and behavior of a group of jaw cysts with a solely orthokeratinized lining epithelium.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>20 cases of this cyst type were reported under the term of orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC) and their clinical, histological and immunocytochemical features were compared with that of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cysts of the present series were all solitary lesions, occurred mostly in young male patients, and showed a predilection for the posterior mandible areas. Follow-up of 15 patients revealed no recurrence following enucleation. Histological and immunocytochemical studies indicated that OOC epithelium lacked the typical features of OKC and appeared to show a lower proliferative activity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These findings suggest that OOC is clinicopathologically distinctive from OKC and may thus constitute its own clinical entity.</p>

Bone formation in vitro and in vivo by human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To culture and study the osteogenic characteristics of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>hBMMSCs were separated and cultured from human iliac crest marrow. Growth kinetics of hBMMSCs was studied by growth curve. Under the osteoinductive culture, osteogenic differentiation of hBMMSCs was tested by alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Osteogenic functions of hBMMSCs in vitro and in vivo were also respectively detected by von Kossa stain and by transplanting hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate ceramics (HA/TCP) with hBMMSCs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>hBMMSCs were cultured successfully. The growth curve of the second passage of BMMSCs indicated that the time of population doublings was about 3.5 days. The results of ALP stain were evident by the significant increase in ALP activity after hBMMSCs cultured in osteoinductive medium. Some mineralized nodules were detected by von Kossa stain at nineteenth day of osteoinductive culture. In vivo assay, histological evalution showed bone formation in 3 months after grafts of HA/TCP with hBMMSCs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Osteoinductive solution can induce hBMMSCs to differentiate osteogenetic cell lines. Mineralized nodules and bone formation were found in vitro and in vivo assay. The results demonstrate that hBMMSCs have the potential for osteogenesis.</p>

The beneficial effect of genistein on mandible bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the effect of genistein on mandible metabolism in ovariectomized rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty 12 week-old female SD rats were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) sham operated; (2) ovariectomized; (3) ovariectomized and treated with estradiol; (4) ovariectomized and received genistein, 45 mg/kg body weight per day. After 12 weeks, bone mineral density (BMD), serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), osteocalcin, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and calcitonin (CT) were evaluated. In addition, the serum estradiol and the weight of uteri were also examined to indicate the side effect of genistein to the uteri.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ovariectomized animals had a significant decrease in BMD, and increased serum level of ALP, ACP, IL-1beta and osteocalcin compared with sham rats. After treated with genistein, BMD and the serum level of ALP, ACP, osteocalcin increased significantly, while the serum level of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha decreased. Especially, the increase of ALP and osteocalcin was higher than that of estradiol-treated animal. Additionally, the uterus weight index and the serum estradiol in genistein-treated rats were lower significantly than those of estradiol-treated rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Genistein can improve the mandible bone metabolism as well as its effect on femur through the promotion of bone formation and the prevention of bone resorption with slight side effect. Genistein provides an additional viable way to therapy for osteoporosis in the jaw bones.</p>

High-resolution electron microscopy of carious dissolution of enamel nano-crystals / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate the carious dissolution mechanism of enamel apatite nano-crystals at lattice fringe level and the possible correlation between the carious dissolution and the appearance of central dark line (CDL) in enamel crystals.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The body of the lesion in incipient enamel caries was observed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, JOEL-2010 operating at 200 kv), combined with selected-area argon-ion-beam thinning technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the body of the lesion, the preferential core dissolution was found in most of enamel nano-crystals, whereas the peripheral dissolution of individual crystal could be occasionally observed. The initial carious dissolution of individual enamel apatite crystal occurred as a number of small electron-lucent spots along the central dark line with blurry, bent or disconnected lattice fringes. These small electron-lucent spots fused with each other to form large electron-lucent areas. Finally the central perforation was frequently seen in the crystals. The CDL always appeared in the same place with central perforation in carious crystals, which could be seen to extend along the CDL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The initial carious dissolution is directly related to the lattice defects in the enamel nano-crystals. The preferential core dissolution can be partly ascribed to the CDL, which is presumed to be particularly susceptible area to caries.</p>

Genistein inhibits the promotive effect of IL-1? on osteoclastic bone resorption / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the effect of genistein,a soybean-derived isoflavone,on thestimulating effect on bone resorption of IL-1?.Methods:The osteoclasts(OCs)were isolated with themethods of Yu Shifeng.The rat calvaria were cultured as an organ.The cells in the experiment weregrown in four respectively:Control(without genistein or IL-1?),10~(-6) mol/L genistein,10 ?g/L IL-1?and 10~(-6) mol/L genistein+10 ?g/L IL-1?.The area of bone resorption,the concentration of Ca~(2+) in thesupernatant liquid of OCs cultures and mice calvaria were tested.The contents of acid phosphatase(ACP)were also examined by biochemistry method.The index of bone resorption was counted as the ra-tio of the experiment average and control ones,which indicated the increase in bone resorption when itwas above 1.0.Results:The area of bone resorption of 10~(-6) mol/L genistein+10 ?g/L IL-1? increasedcompared with that of 10~(-6) mol/L genistein,while the concentration of Ca~(2+) in the supernatant liquid ofOCs cultures decreased significantly.The index of bone resorption of 10~(-6) mol/L genistein+10 ?g/L IL-1? lied between 10~(-6) mol/L genistein and 10 ?g/L IL-1?.In the organ culture,there was no differencein the content of ACP among all the groups,The index of bone resorption of 10~(-6) mol/L genistein+10?g/L IL-1? was below that of 10?g/L IL-1?,but both were above 1.0.The index of bone resorptionwas below 1.0 in the group of 10~(-6) mol/L genistein.Conclusion:Genistein can suppress obviously thebone resorption simulated by single IL-1?.